Apparatus for the attainment of regular burning of liquid fuel



Feb. 7, 1928.

V. H. ERICHSEN ET AL APPARATUS FOR THE ATTAINMENT OF REGULAR BURNING 0F LIQUID FUEL Filed Sept. 15, 1925 tit) Patented Feb. 7, 1928.

UNITED stares ra'rsu'r orrica.

VILLIAM HENRY ERIGI-ISEN AND GEORG ERNST FALKENTORP, OF COPENHAGEN,

DENMARK.

APPARATUS FOR THE ATIAIITMENT F 'FJEGUIARR BURNING OF LIQUID FUEL.

Application filed September 15, 1925, Serial No, 56,535, and in Denmark May 29, 1925 The invention comprises ammet-hod for burning liquid fuel, e. g. 011, together with a apparatus for the accomplishment of the method. The objcct of the invention is to obtain regular and complete burning" of oil, particularly heavy oils such as solaroil or the like, in such a way that these oils may be advantageously employed for heating purposes. Through the invention it becomes possible to burn these oils with out the formation of soot, and thus the burning of them can be done instoves,

kitchen-ranges and the like appliances erected in private houses and dwellings, with no risk of soiling these latter.

Accordingto the invention. this regular and complete burning is accomplished mainly through burning the vapours of the liquid fuel along thesurface of an incombustible body which does not touch the liquid fuel, in such a way that this body through thereby a perfect combustion, the air for combustion must be conveyed fairly homogeneously to the surface of the body, and

this is accomplished through the lair-supply being forced to pass very close along the sides of the said body, after being conveyed into the space in which the body is placed through the walls of this space, these. being made in the form of front-grates.

It is necessary for the regular working of the apparatus that a fixed but otherwise adjustable quantity of liquid fuel (oil) is supplied per unit of time. i A stationary condition will then appear in which the burning vapours will maintain a temperature in the body, just allowing for theevaporation per time unit of the liquid fuel (oil) supplied. The apparatus is accordingly furnished with an arrangementof the feedcock with various possibilities for adjustment, as described below,

A, main feature of this arrangement is that the oil under the cock willhave a free sin-face, and that the pressure of the oil whichhas not yetpassed the cock cannot be transmitted to that part of the oil, which has passed the cock on its way to the com bastion chamber. The fact is, that if a contrary condition could be supposed, a

slight increase in the combustion of the oil would cause an increased supply of oil through the increased pressure of the oil column, and a regular combustion would then be excluded.

With the arrangement proposed here, however, the free surface under the cock would moveparallel with the free surface in the combustion chamber, and any varia tion in the oil-supply would accordingly not occur spontaneously, but only when the cock adjustment is altered.

The Oll 1S supplied from a reservoir in whi"h the level of the fluid can bekept at a I constant height, for instance through supply from a barometrical pipe, possibly with an extension in width atthe top, in which theoil is stored. f i

To obtain an additional regulation step by step, of the amount of heat produced,

several burners can belyconnected to each other to vary the amount of heat produced, with separate regulation for the burners. Combustion cells will then have cocks for separate regulation of the quantity of fluid. o

The apparatus can be arranged so that it will serve as a stove, kitchen-range or the like, or for fitting into already erected furnaces and fire-places.

y The drawing shows an example of an apparatus constructed in accordance with theinvention, viz:

Fig. 1 represcntsa vertical sectionthrough the apparatus, showing also the corresponding arrangement for fuel supply.

Fig. 2 a vertical section through thespparatus on line fir- A, and

Fig. 3 a horizontal section through the cool; arrangement, on line B-B in Fig. 1.

6 is anincombustible body, for instance kieselguhr (moler stone), placed in a chamher which has a bottom into which leads an inlet channel 3 for the combustible fluid 2, so arrangechthat the latter is conveyed to the chamber from below. i The body 6 which may be shaped otherwise than the rectangular flag shown or may be made up of severah may be suitabl supported on which is drilled a narrow passage right projections from the bottom or made to through this being brought into servhaug up. so that its bottom side is situated icetor adjustment of the quantity of oil supa com'enientdistauceabove the bottomh. plied whenu'orking the apparatus.

t,- The walls 8 (front grates) of the chamber The cock can be adjusted into three main have openingsfor the air for combustion, positions, Viz position I, in which the opensuitably distributed. 'Theso are always ing 21 corresponds, Withthe aperture 23, placed in such distance from the bod that position II in which the opening 21 come a comparatii 'ely narrowcombustion space? 1. sponds with the aperture BEL and position h is left along the surface of thebod Here- III in Which the opening 21 is closedby the -by'an intense mixingof oil-vapours and air body e'i the cock, this latter position being isobtained, to secure a perfectcombustion: applied tor stopping the workingoi' the ap- Withont the formation of soot. The grate paratus.

openings'in the Walls 8 should preferably The oil-stream willproceedas follows:

is be distributed evenly all overthe surface On account of the difference inheight the of the Wall, and asthese openings'should oil will passupwards through the 'i-assage most suitably be comparatively small andibe "20 intd the space 24: and from here in a con present" in a large number, the Walls 8can be stant streamwthrough the aperture 22 and executed in some convenient inateriah-reticthe hole 19 into the supply pipe 3 willrfrec so ulated perforated or porous. 1 surface of the oilSl; 2 a

l The air for combustion is conveyed-to the The level ot the fluid inithe reservoir 1 bottom of the apparatusthrough'an air pas-= islzept at a constant height through supply 1 sage";10,' whichcanbe pro ided with a suitfronramain reservoirwgtl arranged in the able-draught regulationll, h nd fI011'l l1Er&""fOIll1 of [l *l3lIOI118tllCtll"Pipe, or through 2517* the air goes up wards to the space 9 between other suitable arrangements. i

" the grate walls 8- a ndtho outer Wallsot the apparatus 12, then passing into the combus- -'"tion chamber through the grate openings.

The grate walls B as Wellasthc outer WtLllSlZ may lJB jPlilCGCl and packediu sand y (sand locksl at the bottom'ot the apparatus, see 15*and 16. Thus it is made possible without trouble; to i lift the upper part of the apparatus consisting of the body t) the:

Tl1G tll1lOtlI1i3 of fluidsuppliod depends up onthe dillerence in height between the fluid level in the reservoir and the overflow height above the surface 31. The amount. of fluid suppliedto the pipe 3 depends on the dilierence in height between the lluirl level 1n the reservoir 1 and the upper end ol' the narrow passage 20. Accordingly the amount of fluid supplied is adjusted by alw the' bottomavith a" screwed in -plug 2:3, in

33 grate Walls 8 and the outer walls 12, these itering' this difference in height, andthis is "in themselves forming a complete part of: possible either by adjusting the lluidlevcl the apparatus, away from the bottom oi the in theresenvoiri by raising or lowering the apparatus for inspection or cleaning.- outlet ot-the barometrical pipe 30, or by The apparatusdescribed above represents adjusting (raising or lowering) the plug 40 a combustion chamber or combustion cell, The drillcd plug 2, however, may he re- W5 and-to obtainthe above-mentionedconnecplaceclitor instance by anordiuary cook, the i tion of-the apparatus tor additional step by 'ladjust nent ofthe fluid suppliedhcing thou step regulation of the amount of heat proproduced by turning the plug of the cock. duced; several ofthese cells can'bearranged In the apparatus described here the adside by side in the same furnace or ;fire-"=justmentotthe plug'QFi up or down may place. The cells ma'y be totally independent be done, for instance, by means ol? :1 socketof each other, or they may be built together wrench; i j j for instance throughneighbouring cells hairlFor clea ningithe passage 20 is tilled the ingconnnon outerwalls, The cells may beneedle :27 which hy. )i' u ing a button 59 provided with separat'e'air supply passages band in cooperation with a springQU can be i and fuelsupp'ly arrangements for each cell.- brought down through the pt :20. The Theregulation arrangement is shown in guiding part of the cleansing needle (33?) Fi 1 at' the right sides: It' consists of a= is furnished with a number oilongitudii'ia] c05 fitted into-the reservoir with body 18 furrows, not shown in the drawing, which 65' andhead and plug 17; Inthe plug isdrilled allow for tree admissioirot the air to the i a hole 19 which at the bottom leaclslinto the space 2st. I j

supply" pipe 3 to the combustion cell, the hen arcell shall start worl zinghthe corhole having also an opening ill-through the responding cock is adjusted into position .1. side of the plug. This opening corresponds -:The oiliwillithen pass direct trout the resorwithtwo apertures inthe body of the cock, a'oir 1 throughxthe apertureLQE-Z, the hole in viz an aperture 23 leading (lirect 'into the the coclrplug lD and'the supply pipe 3 to reservoir andwused when lighting the fire, the bottom 5, andwill till this latteru'ith oil. and an aperture 22 having connection withr and: theulowermost part of the body (3 will aispace 24, open at the top and closed at become moistened with oil. In order to avoid any oil waste in the furnace the reeor li'ill voir is situated at such a height as compared to the combustion cell, that the oil cannot rise above the edge of the bottom 5. The cock is then adjusted into position 11,. and the ignition can now take place by lighting the oil on the moistened part of the body 6.

through an opening it in the outer wall of the apparatus, this opening being under nor mal conditions closed with the lid 13. Through the burnin the body will now bccome heated locally and get red hot, in which condition it will radiate heat to the liquid surface below, partly through direct radiation, and partly, but in a less degree, tl'irough indirect radiation, and the oil in the supply pipe 3 will commence to evaporate. The rising vapours will meet the inflow of air at the lower surface of the body 6 and thereby become ignited, so that a rise in the temperature of the body is obtained and with that an accelerated evaporation. The level of the fluid in the supply pipe 3, however, will through this be lowered, and thereby the evaporation and combustion diminish, and as a result the temperature of the body will decrease. A balanced condition will therefore soon appear, in which per time unit the same quantity of fluid fuel will evaporate and burn as is supplied.

By means of the above described regulating device the fuel supply, and, consequentl the combustion may be re ulated, a new balanced condition entering at every velocity of the fuel supply.

The necessary quantity of air to obtain complete and regular combustion may be regulated by the draught regulating device l/V hen a cell is to be put out of action, the cock is turned to the position Ill, whereby the supply of fuel is cut off, sothat the combustion will successively cease, whereupon the air draught may be cut off by the draught valve 11.

Experiments have shown that molr bricks form an extraordinarily well adapted material for the body 6. This material is so well heat insulating that it permits a limited local heating, which may be explained thereby that its inner heat-conduct ing coefficient, which is about .06, is more than ten times asfavourable as the heat-conducting cocficient of chamotte and'the like, which is about .7. Moreover, its very spongy surface leads to an increased density of the air along the same and, consequently, to a higher combustion temperature.

We claim: 7

1. Apparatus for attaining regular combustion of liquid fuel, comprising a fuel container, a combustion chamber positioned above the fuel container, a refractory body positioned in the combustion chamber, a fuel inlet pipe for the fuel container, a source of fuel connected to the inlet pipe and arranged to supply fuel to the container at a line below the bottom of the refractory body, and air inlet ports in the combustion chamber, the walls of the combustion chamber being positioned closely adjacent the refractory body to have a mixing space between the walls and the body for fuel vapor and air.

2. Apparatus for attaining regular com-- combustion chamber being positioned closely adjacent the refractory body to have a mixin g space between the walls and the body for fuel vapor and air.

8. Apparatus for attaining regular combustion of liquid fuel, comprising a fuel container, a combustion chamber positioned above the fuel container, a refractory body positioned in the combustion chamber, a fuel inlet pipe for the fuel container, a source of fuel connected to the inlet pipe and arranged to supply fuel to the container at a line below the bottom of the refractory body, an outer casing for the combustion chamber and a sealing base detachably receiving the outer casing and combustion chamber, whereby the chamber, casing, and refractory body can be removed as a unit from the base for permitting cleaning.

4:. Apparatus for attaining regular combastion of liquid fuel, comprising a fuel container, a combustion chamber positioned above the fuel container, a refractory body positioned in the combustion chamber, a fuel inlet pipe for the fuel container, a source of fuel connected to the inlet pipeand arranged to supply fuel to the container at a line below the bottom of the refractory body, air inlet ports in the combustion chamber, the walls of the combustion chamber being positioned closely adjacent the refractorybody to have a mixing space between the walls and the body for fuel vapor and air, and the upper part of the fuel container surrounding the lower part of the refractory body being spaced a small distance apart from this, and means for supplying air for the combustion to the lateral surfaces of the part of the re fractory body above the fuel container, so that the combustion only will take place at the said lateral surfaces.

In testimony whereof we afhx our signatures.

VlLLIAlVl HENRY ERICHSEN. GEORG ERNST FALKENTOBP.

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